Australia’s ecosystems reflect a continent shaped by isolation, shifting climates and deep geological history. From arid deserts and open woodlands to lush rainforests, alpine regions and coastal wetlands, each ecosystem supports a unique mix of plants and animals that have adapted to local conditions over millions of years.

These environments form the foundation of Australia’s natural heritage. They influence water cycles, soil health, fire behaviour and the movement of wildlife across the landscape. Many ecosystems are defined by their dominant plant communities, which create structure, shelter and food for the species that depend on them.

This section explores the diversity of Australia’s ecosystems, highlighting how they function, how they vary across regions and how they continue to evolve in response to environmental change. Together these stories offer a grounded view of the ecological systems that shape life across the continent.