The Great Dividing Range is Australia's most impressive mountain range and the 3rd longest land-based range in the world. The Great Dividing Range is not just a single mountain range, but a complex of mountain ranges, plateaus, upland areas and escarpments with an ancient and complex geological history, created by faulting and folding processes.

Parts of the Great Dividing Range consist of relatively flat well-watered land used for agricultural and pastoral uses, which includes the Atherton Tableland and Darling Downs in Queensland, and the Northern & Southern Tablelands and Southern Highlands in New South Wales. Other tablelands which are considered part of the Great Dividing Range are the Atherton Tableland and Canberra wine region. Many parts of the highlands not developed are National Parks.

Australia's alpine areas, including its highest Mount Kosciuszko, are part of this range. The highest areas in southern New South Wales and eastern Victoria are known as the Australian Alps.

The Dandenong Ranges, Barrington Tops, Bunya Mountains, Blue Mountains, Liverpool Range, McPherson Ranges and the Moonbi Range are some of the smaller spurs and ranges that make up the Great Dividing Range.

Most of the mountains are not very steep, and virtually all peaks can be reached without mountaineering equipment. The eastern escarpment has many spectacular waterfalls formed by rivers plunging off the tablelands.

The Great Dividing Range stretches more than 3,500km from Dauan Island off the north eastern tip of Queensland, running the entire length of the eastern coastline through New South Wales, then into Victoria and turning west, before finally fading into the central plain at the Grampians in western Victoria. In some areas, such as the Snowy Mountains, Victorian Alps, the Scenic Rim and the eastern escarpments of the New England region, the highlands form a significant barrier. Many of Australia's highways such as the Alpine Way, Great Alpine Road, Hume Highway, Northern Highway, Melba Highway, Maroondah Highway, Sunraysia Highway, Federal Highway, Great Western Highway, Capricorn Highway, Cunningham Highway, New England Highway, Oxley Highway, Warrego Highway, Waterfall Way, Thunderbolts Way, the Calder Highway, the Western Highway, and the Murray Valley Highway traverse parts of the range.

Many towns and cities are located on the range & in lowland areas and foothills adjacent to the highlands:

Great Dividing Range Map